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From the Mantle to Microbes: The Lost City Hydrothermal Field
Lost City Hydrothermal Field Microbes
2015/7/28
For over two decades, explorers of the deep ocean have been enthralled by volcanically driven black smoker hydrothermal systems hosting organisms that live under some of the most extreme conditions on...
Since the initial discovery of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field in 2000, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the development and evolution of the field, its chemistry, and the...
Hunting for Hydrothermal Vents Along the Galápagos Spreading Center
Galápagos Spreading Center Hydrothermal Vents
2015/7/22
In 1972, at a location in the eastern equatorial Pacific ~ 200 miles northeast of the Galápagos Islands, a young graduate student researcher was using surplus US Navy sonobuoys to listen to the portio...
Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow Spreading Ocean Ridges
Slow Spreading Ocean Ridges Hydrothermal Systems
2015/7/16
The global mid-ocean ridge system spreads over a spectrum of rates, and oceanic crust formed at slow and ultra-slow spreading ridges (< 40 mm yr–1) differs from the more "ideal" layered structure form...
Recent Seismic Studies at the East Pacific Rise 8°20'–10°10'N and Endeavour Segment:Insights into Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal and Magmatic Processes
Seismic East Pacific Rise 8°20'–10°10'N Endeavour Segment:Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Magmatic Processes
2015/7/14
As part of the suite of multidisciplinary investigations undertaken by the Ridge 2000 Program, new multichannel seismic studies of crustal structure were conducted at the East Pacific Rise (EPR) 8°20'...
Hydrothermal Discharge During Submarine Eruptions:The Importance of Detection,Response,and New Technology
Hydrothermal Discharge Submarine Eruptions Detection Response New Technology
2015/7/14
Submarine volcanic eruptions and intrusions construct new oceanic crust and build long chains of volcanic islands and vast submarine plateaus. Magmatic events are a primary agent for the transfer of h...
A Vent-Field-Scale Model of the East Pacific Rise 9°50'N Magma-Hydrothermal System
Vent-Field-Scale Model East Pacific Rise 9°50'N Magma-Hydrothermal System
2015/7/14
This paper describes a two-limb single-pass modeling approach constrained by vent temperature, heat flow, vent geochemistry, active-source seismology, and seismically inferred circulation geometry to ...
Measurements and Models of Heat Flux and Plumes from Hydrothermal Discharges Near the Deep Seafloor
Measurements and Models Heat Flux and Plumes Hydrothermal Discharges Deep Seafloor
2015/7/14
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are conduits of heat and chemicals from the lithosphere to the hydrosphere. Their plumes rise hundreds of meters from the seafloor into the water column; during their ascen...
Turbulence Observations in a Buoyant Hydrothermal Plume on the East Pacific Rise
Turbulence Observations Buoyant Hydrothermal Plume East Pacific Rise
2015/7/14
Hot vent fluid enters the ocean at high-temperature hydrothermal vents, also known as black smokers. Because of the large temperature difference between the vent fluid and oceanic near-bottom waters, ...
Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Plumes in the Near-Bottom Boundary Layer at Endeavour Segment,Juan de Fuca Ridge
Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Plumes Near-Bottom Boundary Layer Endeavour Segment,Juan Fuca Ridge
2015/7/14
Low-temperature (typically 5–75°C) fluid, commonly referred to as "diffuse" hydrothermal flow, emanates from fractures over a significant portion of the Juan de Fuca Ridge seafloor in the Northeast Pa...
Biogeochemical Processes at Hydrothermal Vents:Microbes and Minerals, Bioenergetics, and Carbon Fluxes
Biogeochemical Processes Hydrothermal Vents Microbes Minerals Bioenergetics Carbon Fluxes
2015/7/14
Hydrothermal vents are among the most biologically active regions of the deep ocean. However, our understanding of the limits of life in this extreme environment, the extent of biogeochemical transfor...
Measuring the Form of Iron in Hydrothermal Plume Particles
Iron Hydrothermal Plume Particles
2015/7/14
The global mid-ocean ridge (MOR) system is a 60,000 km submarine volcanic mountain range that crosses all of the major ocean basins on Earth. Along the MOR, subseafloor seawater circulation exchanges ...
On the Potential for Bioenergy and Biofuels from Hydrothermal Vent Microbes
Bioenergy Biofuels Hydrothermal Vent Microbes
2015/7/14
The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents caused scientists to reconsider their notions about life in the deep sea. In these seemingly inhospitable environments, free-living microbes, as well as mi...
Chemistry,Temperature,and Faunal Distributions at Diffuse-Flow Hydrothermal Vents:Comparison of Two Geologically Distinct Ridge Systems
Chemistry Temperature Faunal Distributions Diffuse-Flow Hydrothermal Vents Two Geologically Distinct Ridge Systems
2015/7/14
Diffuse-flow, low-temperature areas near hydrothermal vents support life via chemosynthesis: hydrogen sulfide (and other reduced chemical compounds) emanating from the subsurface is oxidized with bott...
Energy Transfer Through Food Webs at Hydrothermal Vents:Linking the Lithosphere to the Biosphere
Energy Transfer Food Webs Hydrothermal Vents Lithosphere Biosphere
2015/7/14
Tectonic and volcanic processes that drive hydrothermal fluid flow and influence its chemistry also regulate the transfer of energy to hydrothermal vent ecosystems. Chemoautotrophic bacteria use the c...