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Some Laws of Nature are Metaphysically Contingent
Laws of nature essentialism scientific essentialism counterfactuals
2009/9/17
Laws of nature are puzzling because they have a ‘modal character’—they seem to be ‘necessary-ish’—even though they also seem to be metaphysically contingent. And it is hard to understand how contingen...
A law about frequencies would be a law of nature that imposes a constraint on one or more (actual, global) frequencies. On any of the leading philosophical approaches to laws of nature, there could be...
Newtonian Emanation, Spinozism, Measurement, and the Baconian Origins of the Laws of Nature
Newton, Bacon, Spinoza, emanation, formal causation, laws of nature, measurement
2011/9/8
This paper investigates what Newton could have meant in a now famous passage from De Gravitatione (hereafter “DeGrav”) that “space is as it were an emanative effect of God” (21). First I offer a caref...
Laws, Symmetry, and Symmetry Breaking; Invariance, Conservation Principles, and Objectivity
symmetry invariance symmetry breaking
2008/4/22
Given its importance in modern physics, philosophers of science have paid surprisingly little attention to the subject of symmetries and invariances, and they have largely neglected the subtopic of sy...
Physical Models and Fundamental Laws: Using One Piece of the World to Tell About Another (Pavia MBR'01 version)
Models similarity laws analogical reasoning
2008/4/22
In this paper I discuss the relationship between model, theories, and laws in the practice of experimental scale modeling. The methodology of experimental scale modeling, also known as physical simila...
The Fundamental Principles of Existence and the Origin of Physical Laws
ontological principles of reality reduction of biology to physics
2008/4/21
In this essay the ontological structure of reality is explored. The question of reducibility of biology to physics is considered in the context of their ultimate principles. It is shown that biology i...
The laws of physics were not handed down from above. Neither are they rules somehow built into the structure of the universe. They are ingredients of the models that physicists invent to describe obse...
Causes without Mechanisms: Experimental Regularities, Physical Laws, and Neuroscientific Explanation
Causes Mechanisms
2008/4/10
This paper examines the role of experimental generalizations and physical laws in neuroscientific explanations, using Hodgkin’s and Huxley’s electrophysiological model from 1952 as a test case. I show...
Cartwright attempts to argue from an analysis of the composition of forces, and more generally the composition of laws, to the conclusion that laws must be regarded as false. A response to Cartwright ...
Between Laws and Models: Some Philosophical Morals of Lagrangian Mechanics
Classical mechanics Lagrangian mechanics
2008/4/10
I extract some philosophical morals from some aspects of Lagrangian mechanics. (A companion paper will present similar morals from Hamiltonian mechanics and Hamilton-Jacobi theory.) One main moral con...
describe a problem about the relations among symmetries, laws, and measurable quantities. I explain why several ways of trying to solve it will not work, and I sketch a solution that might work. I di...
Law-like generalisations hedged with a ceteris paribus-clause such as widely in use in psychology, the social and biological sciences, are best construed as incomplete strict laws. These incomplete la...
A Curve Fitting Approach to Ceteris Paribus-Laws
Ceteris Paribus-Laws A Curve Fitting Approach
2008/4/9
Law-like generalisations hedged with a ceteris paribus-clause are incomplete strict laws. They can be “fleshed out” by adding a set of enabling, or completing, conditions to their antecedent. The natu...
Laws and Models in a Theory of Idealization
approximation laws of nature idealized laws ceteris paribus laws
2008/4/1
In this paper, I first give a brief summary of a critique of the traditional theories of approximation and idealization; and after identifying one of the major roles of idealization as detaching compo...
This paper explores some connections between competing conceptions of scientific laws on the one hand, and a problem in the foundations of statistical mechanics on the other. I examine two proposals f...