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Poverty and Proximate Barriers to Learning: Vision Deficiencies,Vision Correction and Educational Outcomes in Rural Northwest China
China Children Education Vision Health Developing countries Poverty Eyeglasses
2016/3/18
Few studies of educational barriers in developing countries have investigated the role of children’s vision problems, despite the self-evident challenge that poor vision poses to classroom learning an...
Health of Native-born and Foreign-born Black Residents in the United States:Evidence from the 2000 Census of Population and the National Health Interview Survey
PUMS NHIS Disability Self-rated health Chronic conditions Black US residents Immigrant health advantage
2016/3/18
Utilizing the 5% Public Use Micro Data Sample (PUMS) from the 2000 Census of Population and 2000-2006 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we examine differences in disability, self-r...
Mate Availability and Unmarried Parent Relationships
Shortage of males Marriage market US Census Unmarried couples Fragile Families study Nonmarital birth
2016/3/18
Theoretically, a shortage of males in a local marriage market may influence the formation, quality, and trajectory of unmarried parent relationships. To test these hypotheses, I combine city-level sex...
The More the Better?Characteristics and Efficiency of 401(k) Investment Menus
Defined contribution Investment menus Efficiency Performance Benchmark indexes Mean-variance Diversification
2016/3/18
Few previous studies have explored whether defined contribution retirement saving plans offer sufficiently diversified investment menus, though it is likely that these menus significantly shape worker...
Literacy Gaps by Educational Attainment:A Comparative Study of 19 Countries
literacy skills cross-national variation educational attainment
2016/3/18
Using data of literacy skills among adults aged 26 to 35 from the International Adult Literacy Survey, we compare the degree of literacy gaps between those who completed tertiary education and those w...
Preliminary Demographic Analysis of a Toba Population in Transition in Northern Argentina
Toba Gran Chaco Formosa Argentina acculturation resproductive histories birth rate fertility rate crude death rate rate of population growth
2016/3/18
The Toba represent one of the many indigenous groups inhabiting the Gran Chaco of South America. They currently live in communities with different degrees of acculturation. We present here a prelimina...
Early Life Conditions and Cause-Specific Mortality in Finland
Socioeconomic status Household structure Mortality Finland
2016/3/18
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between early life socioeconomic status, household structure and adult all cause and cause-specific mortality in Finland during the latter ...
Natural selection in a contemporary human population
Evolutionary rates heritability Homo sapiens medical traits
2016/3/18
Our aims were to demonstrate that natural selection is operating on contemporary humans, predict future evolutionary change for specific traits with medical significance, and show that for some traits...
Women's Education and Family Behavior:Trends in Marriage,Divorce and Fertility
Marital and fertility patterns Racial and educational lines Financial security
2016/3/18
This paper examines how marital and fertility patterns have changed along racial and educational lines for men and women. Historically, women with more education have been the least likely to marry an...
Inaccurate age and sex data in the Census PUMS files:Evidence and Implications
Census PUMS files Age Sex Data
2016/3/18
We discover and document errors in public use microdata samples ("PUMS files") of the 2000 Census, the 2003-2006 American Community Survey, and the 2004-2009 Current Population Survey. For women and m...
Pension Payouts in Chile:Past,Present,and Future Prospects
Defined contribution Payout market Phased withdrawal Life annuity
2016/3/18
One of the most interesting features of the Chilean pension system is that approximately two-thirds of all retirees purchase annuities, resulting in annuitization rates much higher than in other count...
Reforms to an Individual Account Pension System and their Effects on Work and Contribution Decisions:The Case of Chile
Pension systems Contributions Individual pension contributions Decision-making Social Protection Survey
2016/3/18
This study evaluates the effect of Chile’s pension system rules and regulations on individuals’ contribution and working decisions. In 1980 Chile was the first country to switch from a pay-as-you-go s...
How Beliefs about HIV Status Affect Risky Behaviors:Evidence from Malawi
HIV Testing Results Beliefs MDICP Sexual behavior Disease prevalence Risk Exposure
2016/3/18
Many HIV testing programs in Africa and elsewhere aim to reduce risk-taking behaviors by providing individuals with information about their own HIV status. This paper examines how beliefs about own HI...
Natural Symptoms?The Intersection of Social,Biological,and Genetic Determinants of Depression in Later Life
Aging Aged Later Life Biology of Aging Depression Genetic Social Biological Heritability Educational Attainment NAS-NRC Twin Registry of World War II Veterans Socioeconomic Status Disease
2016/3/18
Purpose. This study explores the social, biological, and genetic determinants of depression in later life. It adds complexity to the idea that later life depression is a natural outgrowth of vascular ...
The Effects of Child-Bearing Policies in Remarriages:Evidence from China
Fertility policy Marriages Divorces Remarriages
2016/3/18
In this paper we document the fertility policies for remarried couples in the People's Republic of China, and investigate their effects on the women's first marriages. Our evidence suggests that the c...