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The Evolution of Bayesian Updating
evolution Bayesian conditionalization updating expected utility rationality
2016/5/30
An evolutionary basis for Bayesian rationality is suggested, by consid-ering how natural selection would operate on an organism's `policy' for choosing an action depending on an environmental signal. ...
Exploring the Status of Population Genetics:The Role of Ecology
California Tiger Salamander Ecology Ecological genetics Evolution Modern Synthesis Population biology Population genetics
2016/5/30
The status of population genetics has become hotly debated among biologists and philosophers of biology. Many seem to view population genetics as relatively unchanged since the Modern Synthesis and ha...
Diagrams as Locality Aids for Explanation and Model Construction in Cell Biology
cell biology diagram explanation locality aid model construction
2016/5/30
Using as case studies two early diagrams that represent mechanisms of the cell division cycle, we aim to extend prior philosophical analyses of the roles of diagrams in scientific reasoning, and speci...
Multilevel Lineages and Multidimensional Trees:The Levels of Lineage and Phylogeny Reconstruction
Levels of Lineage Levels Phylogenetics Phylogenetic Inference Discordance Gene trees Reduction Species Concepts Individuality
2016/5/30
The relation between method, concept and theory in science is complicated. I seek to shed light on that relation by considering an instance of it in systematics: The additional challenges phylogenetic...
From Desire to Subjective Value:On the Neural Mechanisms of Moral Motivation
Neuroeconomics Neuroscience of Decision Folk Psychology Moral Motivation
2016/5/30
Increasingly, empirically minded moral philosophers are using data from cognitive science and neuroscience to resolve some longstanding philosophical questions about moral motivation, such as whether ...
Broken Mechanisms:Function,Pathology,and Natural Selection
Mechanism Function Pathology Natural Selection
2016/5/30
The following describes one distinct sense of ‘mechanism’ which is prevalent in biology and biomedicine and which has important epistemic benefits. According to this sense, mechanisms are defined by t...
Stem cells are defined by capacities for both self-renewal and differentiation. Many different entities satisfy this working definition. Explicating the stem cell concept reveals it to be relational a...
The Paradox of Sexual Reproduction and the Levels of Selection:Can Sociobiology Shed a Light?
Evolutionary maintenance of sexual reproduction group selection inclusive fitness kin selection multilevel selection sociobiology
2016/5/30
The rejection of group selection in the 1960s left the evolutionary maintenance of sex bereft of its previous explanations and turned it into an anomaly or paradox. While the levels of selection debat...
The structure of idealization in biological theories:the case of the Wright-Fisher model
idealization theory biology possible worlds
2016/5/30
In this paper we present a new framework of idealization in biology. We characterize idealizations as a network of counterfactual and hypothetical conditionals that can exhibit different “degrees of c...
Mathematical biology and the existence of biological laws
Laws Mathematical biology Contingency Dynamical systems Reducibility
2016/5/30
An influential position in the philosophy of biology claims that there are no biological laws, since any apparently biological generalization is either too accidental, fact-like or contingent to be na...
Causal explanation beyond the gene: manipulation and causality in epigenetics
causation explanation intervention epigenetics methodology observational studies causalidad explicación intervención epigenética metodología estudios observacionales
2016/5/27
This paper deals with the interrelationship between causal explanation and methodology in a relatively young discipline in biology: epigenetics. Based on cases from molecular and ecological epigenetic...
Deep Conventionalism about Evolutionary Groups
evolutionary group species population clade species cohesion conventionalism pluralism objectivity realism natural kinds science and values
2016/5/27
We argue for a new conventionalism about many kinds of evolutionary groups, including clades, cohesive units, and populations. This rejects a consensus, which says that given any one of the many legit...
Re-Examining the Gene in Personalized Genomics
Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing DTC Genes Genetic Determinism Science Communication Public understanding of genetics
2016/5/27
Personalized Genomics companies (PG; also called ‘Direct-to-Consumer Genetics’) are businesses marketing genetic testing to consumers over the Internet. While much has been written about these new bus...
From molecules to behavior and the clinic:Integration in Chronobiology
mechanistic explanation dynamic mechanistic explanation circadian rhythms integration in science
2016/5/27
Chronobiology, especially the study of circadian rhythms, provides a model scientific field in which philosophers can study how investigators from a variety of disciplines working at different levels ...
Thinking Dynamically About Biological Mechanisms:Networks of Coupled Oscillators
dynamics dynamic mechanistic explanation decomposition recomposition computational modeling circadian rhythms
2016/5/27
Explaining the complex dynamics exhibited in many biological mechanisms requires extending the recent philosophical treatment of mechanisms that emphasizes sequences of operations. To understand how n...