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A First Class Constraint Generates Not a Gauge Transformation,But a Bad Physical Change:The Case of Electromagnetism
empirical equivalence gauge freedom quantum gravity problem of time
2016/6/15
In Dirac-Bergmann constrained dynamics, a first-class constraint typically does not _alone_ generate a gauge transformation. By direct calculation it is found that each first-class constraint in Maxwe...
The Missing Basics & Other Philosophical Reflections for the Transformation of Engineering Education
Kuhn engineering education paradigmcritical thinking creative thinking
2009/6/5
The paper starts by reflecting on what senior engineering students don't know how to do when they confront a real-world project in an industrially sponsored senior design project. Seven, largely quali...
THE IMPORTANCE, EMPOWERMENT, AND TRANSFORMATION OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
EMPOWERMENT TRANSFORMATION
2008/4/8
Information is empowering. With electronic transmission of information, it is now possible for the general public to have ready access to knowledge previously limited to those designated as "expert" i...