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When new technologies create risks, government agencies use regulations to control the risks. This paper advances a method of evaluating a democracy’s regulation of risks. It assumes that a regulatory...
Values in Science beyond Underdetermination and Inductive Risk
values in science science and values underdetermination inductive risk
2016/5/27
The thesis that the practice and evaluation of science requires social value-judgment, that good science is not value-free or value-neutral but value-laden, has been gaining acceptance among philosoph...
Discounting a surgical risk: data, understanding, and gist
Bioethics Case Study Decision Making Ethics Physician-Patient Relationship Risk Assessment Surgery
2014/11/17
Excerpt: A few days after the surgery, Ms. Reid came in for an emergency appointment with Dr. Feng. It was obvious that she was irate,but her voice could barely be heard above the noise of the clinic....
I argue that ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), the tumor most commonly diagnosed by breast mammography, cannot be confidently classified as cancer, i.e. as pathological. This is because there may not b...
Disclosure and rationality: comparative risk information and decision-making about prevention
Decision making Comparative risk Prevention Rationality Expected utility theory Biomedical ethics
2014/11/17
With the growing focus on prevention in medicine, studies of how to describe risk have become increasing important. Recently, some researchers have argued against giving patients "comparative risk inf...
The ethics of information: absolute risk reduction and patient understanding of screening
risk and benefit data informed consent respect for autonomy
2014/11/17
Some experts have argued that patients should routinely be told the specific magnitude and absolute probability of potential risks and benefits of screening tests. This position is motivated by the id...
Distinguishing Risk and Uncertainty in Risk Assessments of Emerging Technologies
risk uncertainty carbon nanotubes real-world experiments deliberation decision theory precaution
2011/9/8
Economist Frank Knight drew a distinction between decisions under risk and decisions under uncertainty. Despite the significance of this distinction for decision theory, we argue that there has been i...
Better Policy through Better Science: Using Metascience to Improve Dose-Response Curves in Biology and in ICRP Ecological Risk Assessment
Better Science Better Policy
2008/4/9
Many people argue that uncertain science -- or controversial policies based on science -- can be clarified primarily by greater attention to the social and ethical values influencing the science and t...
DDT and the Dynamics of Risk Knowledge Production
sociology of risk research case study on DDT research programs
2008/4/3
Until today, the sociological analysis of risky technologies has moved between the two poles of risk constructivism and risk objectivism. A historical analysis of the evolution of risk knowledge may h...
Risk and Responsibility in Chemical Research: The Case of Agent Orange
Ethics risks responsibility Agent Orange
2008/4/3
The synthesis of new chemical substances causes a number of ethical problems frequently overlooked by chemists, such as the risk associated with the creation of a new substance and the question of ult...