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The picture of synthetic biology as a kind of engineering science has largely created the public understanding of this novel field, covering both its promises and risks. In this paper, we will argue t...
Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) remain recalcitrant to the medical profession, proving less suitable for homogenic treatment with respect to their aetiology, taxonomy and diagnosis. While the maj...
We argue that diagrams are not just a communicative tool but play important roles in the reasoning of biologists: in characterizing the phenomenon to be explained, identifying explanatory relations, a...
Motivated Moral Reasoning     Motivated  Moral Reasoning       2015/11/10
Moral judgments are important, intuitive, and complex. These factors make moral judgment particularly fertile ground for motivated reasoning. This chapter reviews research (both our own and that of ot...
Whereas an inference (deductive as well as inductive) is usually viewed as being valid in virtue of its argument form, the present paper argues that scientific reasoning is material inference, i.e., j...
Although Ian Hacking’s meta-concept is frequently applied to historical cases, few theorists have questioned the very idea of a style of reasoning. Hacking himself considers Donald Davidson’s conceptu...
Recent work on model-based reasoning (MBR) in science has focused on scientific discoveries and conceptual change. This paper argues that model-based reasoning may provide a framework to explain the r...
It is common knowledge that there is an essential methodological distinctionin dealing with diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and in Modern Medicine (MM). For a long time, understanding...
Background Most medical schools in Japan have incorporated mandatory courses on medical ethics. To this date, however, there is no established means of evaluating medical ethics education in Japan. T...
According to the transitive dynamics model, people can construct causal structures by linking together configurations of force. The predictions of the model were tested in two experiments in which ...
In this paper, I develop Mauricio Suárez’s distinction between denotation, epistemic representation, and faithful epistemic representation. I then outline an interpretational account of epistemic repr...
Bayesianism is the position that scientific reasoning is probabilistic and that probabilities are adequately interpreted as an agent’s actual subjective degrees of belief, measured by her betting beha...
Matthias Frisch has argued that the requirement that electromagnetic dispersion processes are causal adds empirical content not found in electrodynamic theory. I urge that this attempt to reconstitute...
A recent proposal of Norton (2003) to show that a simple Newtonian system can exhibit stochastic acausal behavior by giving rise to spontaneous movements of a mass on the dome of a certain shape is ex...
Causal Reasoning in Physics     Causation  Physics  Russell  Norton       2008/4/10
In this paper I examine several neo-Russellian arguments for the claim that there is no room for an asymmetric notion of cause in mature physical theories. I argue that these arguments are unsuccessf...

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