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Varieties of Noise:Analogical Reasoning in Synthetic Biology
Synthetic biology interdisciplinarity analogical reasoning engineering sciences complex systems noise
2016/6/14
The picture of synthetic biology as a kind of engineering science has largely created the public understanding of this novel field, covering both its promises and risks. In this paper, we will argue t...
At the border of medical reasoning-aetiological and ontological challenges of medically unexplained symptoms
medically unexplained symptoms causation epistemology phenomenology ontology philosophy dispositions
2016/6/13
Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) remain recalcitrant to the medical profession, proving less suitable for homogenic treatment with respect to their aetiology, taxonomy and diagnosis. While the maj...
Diagrams as Vehicles for Scientific Reasoning
Diagrams visual reasoning mechanistic explanation phenomena explanatory relations circadian rhythms
2016/6/12
We argue that diagrams are not just a communicative tool but play important roles in the reasoning of biologists: in characterizing the phenomenon to be explained, identifying explanatory relations, a...
Motivated Moral Reasoning
Motivated Moral Reasoning
2015/11/10
Moral judgments are important, intuitive, and complex. These factors make moral judgment particularly fertile ground for motivated reasoning. This chapter reviews research (both our own and that of ot...
Scientific Reasoning Is Material Inference: Combining Confirmation, Discovery, and Explanation
inference concepts confirmation induction
2009/9/11
Whereas an inference (deductive as well as inductive) is usually viewed as being valid in virtue of its argument form, the present paper argues that scientific reasoning is material inference, i.e., j...
Although Ian Hacking’s meta-concept is frequently applied to historical cases, few theorists have questioned the very idea of a style of reasoning. Hacking himself considers Donald Davidson’s conceptu...
Recent work on model-based reasoning (MBR) in science has focused on scientific discoveries and conceptual change. This paper argues that model-based reasoning may provide a framework to explain the r...
Model-Based Reasoning and Diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis
2008/12/16
It is common knowledge that there is an essential methodological distinctionin dealing with diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and in Modern Medicine (MM). For a long time, understanding...
The development of a brief and objective method for evaluating moral sensitivity and reasoning in medical students
Medical ethics education questionnaire Japan
2008/11/10
Background
Most medical schools in Japan have incorporated mandatory courses on medical ethics. To this date, however, there is no established means of evaluating medical ethics education in Japan. T...
According to the transitive dynamics model, people can
construct causal structures by linking together
configurations of force. The predictions of the model
were tested in two experiments in which ...
Representation, Interpretation, and Surrogative Reasoning
representation models interpretation surrogative reasoning
2008/4/22
In this paper, I develop Mauricio Suárez’s distinction between denotation, epistemic representation, and faithful epistemic representation. I then outline an interpretational account of epistemic repr...
Subjective Probabilities as Basis for Scientific Reasoning?
Scientific Reasoning Subjective Probabilities
2008/4/21
Bayesianism is the position that scientific reasoning is probabilistic and that probabilities are adequately interpreted as an agent’s actual subjective degrees of belief, measured by her betting beha...
Is There an Independent Principle of Causality in Physics? A Comment on Matthias Frisch, “Causal Reasoning in Physics.”
causality causation dispersion scattering
2008/4/15
Matthias Frisch has argued that the requirement that electromagnetic dispersion processes are causal adds empirical content not found in electrodynamic theory. I urge that this attempt to reconstitute...
Indeterminism, Asymptotic Reasoning, and Time Irreversibility in Classical Physics.
determinism indeterminism acausality
2008/4/14
A recent proposal of Norton (2003) to show that a simple Newtonian system can exhibit stochastic acausal behavior by giving rise to spontaneous movements of a mass on the dome of a certain shape is ex...